{"id":994,"date":"2021-08-26T11:44:50","date_gmt":"2021-08-26T09:44:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sampor.net\/?page_id=994"},"modified":"2023-03-01T19:25:33","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T18:25:33","slug":"sampor-v-literarnych-dielach","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sampor.net\/index.php\/obec\/sampor-v-literarnych-dielach\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00e1nsky mlyn"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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Mlyn – najpozoruhodnej\u0161\u00ed a najrevolu\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed stredovek\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez1<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mlyny ako mechanick\u00e9 zariadenia na mletie m\u00faky aj ich roz\u0161\u00edrenie v Eur\u00f3pe je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd fenom\u00e9n, ktor\u00fd zohr\u00e1val d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri kultiv\u00e1cii a \u0161\u00edren\u00ed civiliza\u010dn\u00e9ho pokroku cel\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, oblast\u00ed a regi\u00f3nov. Sp\u00e1ja sa s epochou stredoveku a jeho roz\u0161\u00edrenie a osvojenie je jedn\u00fdm zo znakov rozvinut\u00e9ho stredoveku.2<\/sup><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mlyn b\u00fdval v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou umiestnen\u00fd mimo dediny alebo na jej okraji kv\u00f4li pr\u00edstupu k vode. Od ostatn\u00fdch sedliack\u00fdch usadlost\u00ed sa podstatne l\u00ed\u0161il. Bol v\u0161ak organickou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou dediny, preto\u017ee bol nevyhnutn\u00fd pri po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej v\u00fdrobe. Pomerne v\u010dasn\u00e9 vy\u010dlenenie osobitnej slu\u017eobn\u00edckej profesie mlyn\u00e1ra, s ktorou sa v p\u00edsomn\u00fdch prame\u0148och ako so \u0161pecifick\u00fdm remeslom stret\u00e1vame u\u017e v 11.-12. storo\u010d\u00ed, sved\u010d\u00ed o pomerne \u0161irokom a \u010dastom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed mlynov, najm\u00e4 na knie\u017eac\u00edch a kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch majetkoch.3<\/sup><\/a> P\u00edsomn\u00e9 doklady o existencii vodn\u00fdch mlynov na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00fa zn\u00e1me z konca 11. stor., resp. z 1. polovice 12. storo\u010dia. Na \u00fazem\u00ed star\u00e9ho Uhorska sa ako najstar\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaj o vodn\u00fdch mlynoch uv\u00e1dza rok 1015, hodnoverne s\u00fa dolo\u017een\u00e9 dva mlyny na majetkoch tihanysk\u00e9ho op\u00e1tstva v r. 1055.4<\/sup><\/a> D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd p\u00edsomn\u00fd prame\u0148 o mlynoch mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 s\u00fapis majetku pannonhalmsk\u00e9ho op\u00e1tstva z rokov 1083-1095, v ktorom sa spom\u00edna sedem vodn\u00fdch mlynov.5<\/sup><\/a> Najstar\u0161ia priama zmienka o mlyne na Slovensku je v listine z roku 1135, ktorou Belo II. potvrdzuje majetky premon\u0161tr\u00e1tskeho kl\u00e1\u0161tora v Bzov\u00edku.6<\/sup><\/a> Zo zmienok v p\u00edsomn\u00fdch prame\u0148och sa dozved\u00e1me, \u017ee vlastn\u00edctvo mlynov bolo od najstar\u0161\u00edch \u010dias v\u00fdsadou feud\u00e1lov, preto sa v listin\u00e1ch spom\u00ednaj\u00fa nielen mlyny, ale aj miesta, kde bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 mlyn postavi\u0165. A\u017e neskor\u0161\u00edch prame\u0148och zo 14.-16. storo\u010dia sa okrem kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch a kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00fdch spom\u00ednaj\u00fa zemianske, \u0161olt\u00fdske, poddansk\u00e9, obecn\u00e9 a urb\u00e1rske mlyny. Mlyny sa oby\u010dajne stavali na potokoch a riekach bohat\u00fdch na vodu, ale i na umele vybudovan\u00fdch kan\u00e1loch, tzv. struh\u00e1ch. Najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00ed bol mlyn s jedn\u00fdm \u010di dvoma kolesami, len v\u00fdnimo\u010dne sa uv\u00e1dza i viac kolies. Slovensk\u00e9 pomenovanie zariadenia na mletie m\u00faky \u2013 mlyn<\/em> \u2013 sa prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t spom\u00edna v roku 1453 v z\u00e1pise \u017dilinskej knihy7<\/sup><\/a>. Napriek t\u00fdmto \u010dast\u00fdm zmienkam o mlynoch v p\u00edsomn\u00fdch prame\u0148och zo stredoveku doteraz nem\u00e1me archeologick\u00fd doklad o mlyne na Slovensku (rok 1985).8<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/a> Takto ozna\u010dil vyn\u00e1lez mlyna franc\u00fazsky historik Jacquese Le Goff. J. Le Goff. Kultura stredovek\u00e9 Evropy. Praha : Odeon, 1991. s. 735.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/a> MLYNKA, Ladislav. Mlyny na Slovensku, typol\u00f3gia a historicko-etnografick\u00e1 charakteristika. https:\/\/www.sulinet.hu\/oroksegtar\/data\/kulhoni_magyarsag\/2010\/sk\/mlyny_a_mlynarske_remeslo\/pages<\/a> 002_ladislav_mlynka.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/a> HABOV\u0160TIAK, Alojz. Stredovek\u00e1 dedina na Slovensku. Bratislava : Obzor, 1985. s. 114.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4<\/a> MLYNKA, Ladislav. Mlyny na Slovensku, typol\u00f3gia a historicko-etnografick\u00e1 charakteristika. https:\/\/www.sulinet.hu\/oroksegtar\/data\/kulhoni_magyarsag\/2010\/sk\/mlyny_a_mlynarske_remeslo\/pages<\/a> 002_ladislav_mlynka.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5<\/a> HABOV\u0160TIAK, Alojz. Stredovek\u00e1 dedina na Slovensku. Bratislava : Obzor, 1985. s. 114.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6<\/a> <\/em>Decimum Pauli vocatum, iuxta Ecclesiam Sancti Laurentii ad tria aratra dedit comes Lampertus monasterio supradicto cum fenetis et nemoribus et loco molendini.  (…Desiaty [dar] bol majetok v rozsahu troch poplu\u017e\u00ed v Pavlovej [okr. Nov\u00e9 Z\u00e1mky], vr\u00e1tane pasienkov, lesov a mlynsk\u00e9ho miesta. MOL DL 5775.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7<\/a> <\/strong>\u017dilinsk\u00e1 mestsk\u00e1 kniha alebo \u017dilinsk\u00e1 kniha z rokov 1378-1561 je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 jazykov\u00e1 a pr\u00e1vna pamiatka Slovenska. Kniha sa del\u00ed na tri \u010dasti: 1. Text magdebursk\u00e9ho mestsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va <\/a>z roku 1378. 2. Preklad tohto textu do slovakizovanej \u010de\u0161tiny z roku 1473. 3. 117 r\u00f4znych z\u00e1znamov z rokov 1380 – 1561 v latin\u010dine, nem\u010dine a (od roku 1451) aj v slovakizovanej \u010de\u0161tine. Z\u00e1znamy v slovakizovanej \u010de\u0161tine obsahuj\u00fa ve\u013ea prvkov s\u00favek\u00e9ho slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1re\u010dia z okolia \u017diliny. Z\u00e1znam z roku 1451 niektor\u00ed autori pova\u017euj\u00fa za najstar\u0161\u00ed zachovan\u00fd \u201ekni\u017en\u00fd z\u00e1pis\u201c v sloven\u010dine. Kniha, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje 149 pop\u00edsan\u00fdch listov, je rukopisnou pamiatkou viazanou v ko\u017eenej v\u00e4zbe z 15. storo\u010dia. V roku 1988 bola vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e1 za n\u00e1rodn\u00fa kult\u00farnu pamiatku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8<\/a> HABOV\u0160TIAK, Alojz. Stredovek\u00e1 dedina na Slovensku. Bratislava : Obzor, 1985. s. 114-115.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Samporsk\u00fd mlyn je ozna\u010den\u00fd p\u00edsmenom „M“ (lat. molendinum = mlyn) 1806 (1810) – 1869 (2.vojensk\u00e9 mapovanie)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Zn\u00e1mi samporsk\u00ed mlyn\u00e1ri a rok ich zmienky v evan.\/kat.matrik\u00e1ch<\/strong>\n* Martin Vala\u0161\u0165an (Valach?), kat. 1770, 1772, 1773, 1776(?)\n* J\u00e1n Kardo\u0161, ev. 1789\n* Juraj \u0160ramko, ev, 1795(?), 1798\n* J\u00e1n, ev. tovari\u0161 v mlyne 1817\n* Juraj Laz\u00e1r, kat. 1834\n* Pavol Teren, ev. 1838(?)\n* Andrej Ko\u0161\u00e1r, ev. 1844, 1846, 1848\n* Juraj Kostoln\u00fd, ev. 1850, 1851, 1855, 1857, 1860\n* Daniel Neuman, ev. 1854(?)\n* Juraj Horcsin (Hornin?), kat. 1856, 1867\n* Jakub Kubica, ev. 1868, 1872, 1873, 1875, 1878\n* J\u00e1n Kubica, ev. 1875(?)\n* J\u00e1n Pajt\u00e1\u0161, ev. 1809(?), 1811\n* Juraj Pajt\u00e1\u0161, ev. 1819<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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4. m\u00e1j 1723<\/strong> Najstar\u0161ia zn\u00e1ma zachovan\u00e1 zmienka o mlyne<\/strong> v usadlosti Sampor (prav\u00fd st\u013apec, prv\u00e1 veta) Mola unius Rotae, quam D(ominus) Baro Smidek possidet. (V obci je) mlyn s jedn\u00fdm mlynsk\u00fdm kame\u0148om1<\/sup><\/a>, ktor\u00fd vlastn\u00ed p\u00e1n bar\u00f3n Smidek2<\/sup><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u013dav\u00fd st\u013apec<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Possesio Zampor <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Geor(gius) Kovacs
Joan(nes) Kaan
Desertae sedecimales dantur tres.
Inquilinariae Gyurcsovjech & Ozanovjech dictae dantur duae.<\/em>

Juraj Kov\u00e1\u010d
J\u00e1n K\u00e1n
\u201e\u0160estn\u00e1stinov\u00e9\u201c (usadlosti) s\u00fa v obci tri.
\u017deliarske (usadlosti), \u010eur\u010dovjechova a Ozanovjechova, s\u00fa dve.

Vertik\u00e1lny text<\/strong>
Prata post fund(um) 1\/16 pro duob(us) Currib(us)
Terra 3um<\/sup> calcaturar(um) pro una qvaq(ue) post fundum sedecimae calcatura octo sapon(um) Poson(iensium) capaces.
Hi duo nisident Sessiones Sedecimales tres.[\/i]

L\u00faka za po\u013eom \u0161estn\u00e1stinov\u00fdm po\u013eom na dva vozy (sena). Jedna trojpo\u013en\u00e1 zem je na tri pre\u0161porsk\u00e9 merice s\u00faca. V obci s\u00fa tieto (dve \u017eeliarske) usadlosti (a tri) \u0161estn\u00e1stinov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prav\u00fd st\u013apec<\/strong>
Mola unius Rotae, quam D(ominus) Baro Smidek (?) possidet.
Labores p(rae)stant ordinarios et per tres Annos unum Zibulum (?),
in tertialitate Portionem Sigismundi respicien.
Pro unius Fundi Sedecimae Nonam solvunt, unum Saponem Avenae & d(enaro)s 31.
Haec Possessio in Tertialitate est conscripta.<\/em>

(V obci je) mlyn s jedn\u00fdm mlynsk\u00fdm kame\u0148om, ktor\u00fd vlastn\u00ed p\u00e1n bar\u00f3n Smidek (?).
Pr\u00e1ce vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa be\u017en\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom a ka\u017ed\u00e9 tri roky odovzd\u00e1vaj\u00fa jeden ?, z tretiny po\u013ea \u017digmundovi (d\u00e1vky) odovzd\u00e1vaj\u00fa.
Za \u010das\u0165 pol\u00ed platia deviatok, konkr\u00e9tne mericu ovsa3<\/sup><\/a><\/a> a 31 den\u00e1rov4<\/sup><\/a>.
T\u00e1to obec m\u00e1 polia rozdelen\u00e9 do trojpo\u013en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Miesto<\/a>, kde e\u0161te za\u010diatkom 20. storo\u010dia st\u00e1l mlyn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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1<\/a> Pri priemernej ve\u013ekosti mlec\u00edch kame\u0148ov okolo 80 cm mohol by\u0165 maxim\u00e1lny denn\u00fd v\u00fdkon vodn\u00fdch mlynov pribli\u017ene 100 kg obilia, v z\u00e1vislosti od v\u00fddatnosti vodn\u00e9ho zdroja, \u010do sa zd\u00f4raz\u0148ovalo aj v urb\u00e1rskych s\u00fapisoch. Nieje to podhodnoten\u00fd odhad, lebo pod\u013ea \u0161tatistiky z r. 1885 a\u017e 73% vodn\u00fdch mlynov v Uhorsku malo denn\u00fa kapacitu 1 – 5 q obilia, z \u010doho na Slovensku tvorili tak\u00e9to mal\u00e9 mlyny a\u017e 97% ich celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu. Okrem sucha obmedzovali celoro\u010dn\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku mlyna aj in\u00e9 extr\u00e9my po\u010dasia, ako z\u00e1plavy a zam\u0155zanie vody. In:  HANU\u0160IN, J. Najstar\u0161ie vodn\u00e9 mlyny na Slovensku (do konca 13. Storo\u010dia). In: Dejiny v\u011bdy a techniky 12, Praha : 1979, s. 18.; HANU\u0160IN, J. Pojem a klasifik\u00e1cia vodn\u00fdch mlynov na Slovensku. In: Slovensk\u00fd n\u00e1rodopis. 1970. 18,2, s. 210.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2<\/a> Tom\u00e1\u0161 Teodor Leopold Schmidegg (1651-1726), poch\u00e1dzal zo sask\u00e9ho rodu, ktor\u00e9ho \u010dlenovia sa za\u010diatkom 17. storo\u010dia usadili v Kremnici. 30. marca 1689 ho Leopold I. pov\u00fd\u0161il do bar\u00f3nskeho stavu (titul strednej \u0161\u013eachty), od roku 1690 bol \u017eupanom zvolenskej stolice a uhorsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdm radcom. Po\u010das \u017eivota prest\u00fapil na katol\u00edcku vieru. Ist\u00fd \u010das vlastnil ka\u0161tiele v Hronseku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3<\/a> Merica – star\u00e1 dut\u00e1 miera (61 l); n\u00e1doba, ko\u0161\u00edk s tak\u00fdmto obsahom. In: https:\/\/www.slovensky.eu\/merica\/<\/a> . Merica bola jedna z najstar\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch dut\u00fdch mier s obsahom 30 \u2013 60 l. Slovo merica je staroslovansk\u00e9, praslovansk\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu: prosjm V. M., aby ste t\u00e9to dve dine a mericu hrozon odeslali Pan\u010dokom; muka, ktera pozustala po odchodu Wassy Welkomoznosti, newim, kde se podela, tak sotwa ze pozustawa gedna merica; na dwa ko\u0148e 60 presspursk\u00edch mer\u00edc owsa. Synonymom merice bola miera, t. j. 54 \u2013 67 l: do orany se wysegu dwe pressporske mgery (ovsa); kdy\u017e \u017eita aneb ja\u010dmena jednu mieru zasejeme a z takoveho potem vymlateneho dve miery mame. Obidve pomenovania s v\u00fdznamom \u201edut\u00e1 miera\u201c s\u00fa dolo\u017een\u00e9 aj v slovensk\u00fdch n\u00e1re\u010diach. BALLEKOV\u00c1, Katar\u00edna, SMATANA, Miroslav. Zo studnice rodnej re\u010di. Bratislava : Veda, SAV, Jazykov\u00fd \u00fastav \u013dudov\u00edta \u0160t\u00fara, 2005. ISBN 80-224-0870-0. s. 237-238.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4<\/a> Najstar\u0161ie uhorsk\u00e9 mince razen\u00e9 zo striebra asi od roku 1000 (v Bratislave s n\u00e1pisom Preslava Civitas) sa naz\u00fdvali tie\u017e den\u00e1re. Mali p\u00f4vodne 80-90 % striebra. Den\u00e1re sa razili a\u017e do roku 1780 (s typick\u00fdm obrazom madony), kedy ich razenie ukon\u010dila M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia. V druhej polovici 18. storo\u010dia sa razili aj meden\u00e9 den\u00e1re. Ako po\u010dtov\u00e1 jednotka sa v\u0161ak den\u00e1r pou\u017e\u00edval aj po roku 1780. In: https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Den%C3%A1r_(minca<\/a>)<\/a> (30.3.2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prame\u0148: \u201eConscriptio<\/em>\u201c, melyet Barinay Ferenc kamarai ker\u00fcleti fisk\u00e1lis k\u00e9sz\u00edtett. [S\u00fapis spracovan\u00fd okresn\u00fdm komorsk\u00fdm fi\u0161k\u00e1lom Ferencom Barinayom] z r. 1723. Pri Sampore, uv\u00e1dza jeden p\u00e1nsky mlyn a 16 usadlost\u00ed.  HU MNL OL E 156 – a. – Fasc. 036. – No. 030. 1723. m\u00e1jus 4. Pest. Zampor; F\u00f6ldes\u00fari malom borj\u00fa szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s, tizenhatodos sessiok. MOL Urbaria et conscriptiones. [S\u00fapis spracovan\u00fd okresn\u00fdm komorsk\u00fdm fi\u0161k\u00e1lom Ferencom Barinayom z r. 1723]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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p\u00edsomn\u00e1 zmienka o v\u00fdskyte mlyna v usadlosti Sampor z roku 1771 z terezi\u00e1nskeho urb\u00e1ru<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
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5. Moliunt in mola D<\/em>[<\/em>omi<\/em>]<\/em>nali ad distantiam unius quadrantis.<\/em>
[Obilie] mel\u00fa v panskom mlyne vzdialenom jednu kvadrantu  [= 15 min pe\u0161i]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prame\u0148: Urbarium Possessionis Szampor Comitatus Zoliensis. A.D. 1771. Beneficia. n.5; p. 9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mlyn – najpozoruhodnej\u0161\u00ed a najrevolu\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed stredovek\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez1 Mlyny ako mechanick\u00e9 zariadenia na mletie m\u00faky aj ich roz\u0161\u00edrenie v Eur\u00f3pe je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd fenom\u00e9n, ktor\u00fd zohr\u00e1val d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri kultiv\u00e1cii a \u0161\u00edren\u00ed civiliza\u010dn\u00e9ho pokroku cel\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, oblast\u00ed a regi\u00f3nov. Sp\u00e1ja … <\/p>\n
Continue reading „P\u00e1nsky mlyn“<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":958,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-full.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-994","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sampor.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sampor.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sampor.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sampor.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sampor.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=994"}],"version-history":[{"count":80,"href":"https:\/\/www.sampor.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1685,"href":"https:\/\/www.sampor.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/994\/revisions\/1685"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sampor.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sampor.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}